Hyperinflation refers to the uncontrollable and rapid increase in inflation Image: Unsplash/Robert ByeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like T/F: Netflix killed the video store, and it is in the process of killing the movie theaters., T/F: Netflix struggled from 1997 until 2016 and even tried to sell out to Google., T/F: An oligopoly exists when there is a lot of variety in the number of sellers and producers of media content, but not much variety in what they ... Impacts of ecological overspending are apparent already in soil erosion, desertification, reduced cropland productivity, overgrazing, deforestation, rapid species extinction, fisheries collapse and increased carbon concentration in the atmosphere. Natural capital constraints also pose a threat to economic performance and economic stability. 2.Jan 9, 2019 · The share of value added in construction as a percentage in GDP also increases as per capita GDP increases. The share of the valued added in construction as a percentage to GDP was found to be around 3–5% for developing countries and 5–8% for more developed countries over the period of 1955–1965 (Turin, 1969). View All. Business partnerships have many advantages as they allow entrepreneurs to pool complementary skill sets and share startup costs and risks with one another. Unfortunately, many of the advantages of partnerships can also be disadvantages, and statistics show that up to 70% of business partnerships ultimately fail.The June 2020 Global Economic Prospects describes both the immediate and near-term outlook for the impact of the pandemic and the long-term damage it has dealt to prospects for growth. The baseline forecast envisions a 5.2 percent contraction in global GDP in 2020, using market exchange rate weights—the deepest global recession in decades ...Our major objective if the Quiet Revolution was to: improve the economic status of Francophones in Quebec. Rene Levesque created the notion of "sovereignty-association" as a way for: Quebec to maintain close economic ties with Canada. the notion of a "vertical mosaic" suggests the Canadian society is.Apr 23, 2014 · The W3C specification defines collapsing margins as follows: “In this specification, the expression collapsing margins means that adjoining margins (no non-empty content, padding, or border ... Fifty years ago, the majority of American Catholics confessed their sins regularly to a priest. But now only 2 percent of Catholics go regularly to confession, and three-quarters never go, or go ...Mar 29, 2014 · Abstract. Pneumothorax-either spontaneous or iatrogenic-is commonly encountered in pulmonary medicine. While secondary pneumothorax is caused by an underlying pulmonary disease, the spontaneous type occurs in healthy individuals without obvious cause. The British Thoracic Society (BTS, 2010) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP ... Nov 23, 2017 · Between 2001 and 2005, a number of decisions were made to attempt to rekindle Nokia’s earlier drive and energy but, far from reinvigorating Nokia, they actually set up the beginning of the decline. Key amongst these decisions was the reallocation of important leadership roles and the poorly implemented 2004 reorganisation into a matrix structure. Entropy is one of the few concepts that provide evidence for the existence of time. The “Arrow of Time” is a name given to the idea that time is asymmetrical and flows in only one direction: forward. It is the non-reversible process wherein entropy increases. Astronomer Arthur Eddington pioneered the concept of the Arrow of Time in 1927 ...Impacts of ecological overspending are apparent already in soil erosion, desertification, reduced cropland productivity, overgrazing, deforestation, rapid species extinction, fisheries collapse and increased carbon concentration in the atmosphere. Natural capital constraints also pose a threat to economic performance and economic stability. 2. Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL ...Hyperinflation refers to the uncontrollable and rapid increase in inflation Image: Unsplash/Robert ByeThese passages in the Constitution made which of the following statements true at that time? Only gold coins were accepted. In the 20th century, the Soviet Union collapsed because its command-and-control economy couldn't keep up with the West's free market. In the 21st century, the same fate will befall companies whose CEOs [chief executive ...a. Greater democracy. 44. The Velvet Revolution was. a. the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. 45. By the end of 1991, Soviet attempts at economic reform had created chaos, and the. b. Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War.Oct 29, 2021 · In China, ports screech to a standstill with even the smallest outbreaks of Covid-19. After Brexit, cargo is piling up at U.K. ports because of a scarcity of truckers. Everywhere you look, the ... Mar 29, 2014 · Abstract. Pneumothorax-either spontaneous or iatrogenic-is commonly encountered in pulmonary medicine. While secondary pneumothorax is caused by an underlying pulmonary disease, the spontaneous type occurs in healthy individuals without obvious cause. The British Thoracic Society (BTS, 2010) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP ... False starts. Many overlook a crucial step in the lean start-up process: researching customer needs before testing products. Like Triangulate, an online dating start-up, they keep rushing to ...The Concept of ―Collapsed Electrodes‖ for Glassblown Spherical Resonators Demonstrating 200:1 Aspect Ratio Gap Definition Joan Giner and Andrei M. Shkel MicroSystems Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—We report a technique for defining high aspectJun 8, 2020 · The June 2020 Global Economic Prospects describes both the immediate and near-term outlook for the impact of the pandemic and the long-term damage it has dealt to prospects for growth. The baseline forecast envisions a 5.2 percent contraction in global GDP in 2020, using market exchange rate weights—the deepest global recession in decades ... The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia, [e] [f] was the final period of the Russian monarchy from its proclamation in November 1721, until its dissolution in September 1917. It consisted of most of northern Eurasia. The Empire succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad. In China, ports screech to a standstill with even the smallest outbreaks of Covid-19. After Brexit, cargo is piling up at U.K. ports because of a scarcity of truckers. Everywhere you look, the ...Apr 13, 2018 · 10 Indications That Western Society Is Collapsing. by Sammie Dove. fact checked by Jamie Frater. Western civilization has brought us stirring works of art and beautiful forms of music. It has brought us the concept of representative democracy in which every person is created equal and has equal rights before the law, which has freed countless ... Smartworks Ch 14. 4.5 (2 reviews) Correct! The two primary effects of special relativity are length contraction and time dilation. This means two observers moving relative to each other will disagree about the lengths and times of objects and events. The fact that muons from cosmic rays make it to Earth's surface before they decay is a specific ...In 1950, 27 percent of marriages ended in divorce; today, about 45 percent do. In 1960, 72 percent of American adults were married. In 2017, nearly half of American adults were single.Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL ...American decline is the idea that the United States of America is diminishing in power on a relative basis geopolitically, militarily, financially, economically and technologically. It can also refer to absolute declines demographically, socially, morally, spiritually, culturally, in matters of healthcare, and/or on environmental issues.It is impossible to discuss concepts of collapse and regeneration without taking into account recent heated debates between Jared Diamond and his critics, notably in the book edited by Patricia McAnany and Norman Yoffee . Diamond tends to explain collapses by societal choices that were environmentally unwise; his critics often deny or underplay ...Sep 15, 2013 · The State of Michigan also bears some blame. Lansing politicians reduced Detroit’s state-shared revenue by 48% from 1998 to 2012, withholding $172 million from the city, according to state records. Sep 28, 2021 · The collapse of the housing market during the Great Recession displaced close to 10 million Americans as rising unemployment led to mass foreclosures. In 2008 alone, 3.1 million Americans filed ... The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission found that in 2008, GSE loans had a delinquency rate of 6.2 percent, due to their traditional underwriting and qualification requirements, compared with 28. ...False starts. Many overlook a crucial step in the lean start-up process: researching customer needs before testing products. Like Triangulate, an online dating start-up, they keep rushing to ... Sep 15, 2022 · View All. Business partnerships have many advantages as they allow entrepreneurs to pool complementary skill sets and share startup costs and risks with one another. Unfortunately, many of the advantages of partnerships can also be disadvantages, and statistics show that up to 70% of business partnerships ultimately fail. Messrs Bricker and Ibbitson point to potentially positive consequences of a falling population such as reduced pressure on scarce resources, a decline in environmental damage, and increased ...In 1950, 27 percent of marriages ended in divorce; today, about 45 percent do. In 1960, 72 percent of American adults were married. In 2017, nearly half of American adults were single.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Historically, companies that distribute services like radio, cable, and the Internet tend to stay away from producing actual content like music and movies., A monopoly exists when a small number of firms control an industry, either nationally or locally., An oligopoly exists when there is a lot of variety in the number of sellers ...Just as apocalyptic dystopias, with or without zombies, have become common fare on Netflix and in highbrow literature alike, societal collapse and its associated terms — “fragility” and ...Aug 27, 2015 · 27 August 2015. By Fiona MacDonald. (Veritasium) Most of us are familiar with the concept of six degrees of separation - the idea is that anyone in the planet can be connected to anyone else in just six steps. So through just five other people, you're effectively connected to the Queen of England, Tom Cruise, or even a Mongolian sheep herder. buy a home, get a car, have his children go to school. It’s all collapsed. Title screen Requiem For The American Dream Chomsky: Imagine yourself in an outside position, looking from Mars. What do you see? In the United States, there are professed values like democracy. In a democracy, public opinion is going to have some influence on policy.The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia, [e] [f] was the final period of the Russian monarchy from its proclamation in November 1721, until its dissolution in September 1917. It consisted of most of northern Eurasia. The Empire succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad.Entropy is one of the few concepts that provide evidence for the existence of time. The “Arrow of Time” is a name given to the idea that time is asymmetrical and flows in only one direction: forward. It is the non-reversible process wherein entropy increases. Astronomer Arthur Eddington pioneered the concept of the Arrow of Time in 1927 ...Entropy is one of the few concepts that provide evidence for the existence of time. The “Arrow of Time” is a name given to the idea that time is asymmetrical and flows in only one direction: forward. It is the non-reversible process wherein entropy increases. Astronomer Arthur Eddington pioneered the concept of the Arrow of Time in 1927 ...In China, ports screech to a standstill with even the smallest outbreaks of Covid-19. After Brexit, cargo is piling up at U.K. ports because of a scarcity of truckers. Everywhere you look, the ...27 August 2015. By Fiona MacDonald. (Veritasium) Most of us are familiar with the concept of six degrees of separation - the idea is that anyone in the planet can be connected to anyone else in just six steps. So through just five other people, you're effectively connected to the Queen of England, Tom Cruise, or even a Mongolian sheep herder.Nazi Germany [h], officially known as the German Reich [i] until 1943, later the Greater German Reich [j], was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship . Oct 5, 2020 · Distrust, anxiety, and anomie are at the root of the 73 percent increase in depression among Americans aged 18 to 25 from 2007 to 2018, and of the shocking rise in suicide. “When we have no one ... CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest. The American Heart Association invites you to share our vision: a world where no one dies from cardiac arrest.electrodes are designed to allow a shell to collapse with electrodes during the glassblowing process. Subsequently, the gaps are defined using the XeF. 2. release. The under-etching of the SOI using wet etching enables the top-side coating to increase the transduction coefficient and reduce the motional resistance. II. D. EVICE• Chi Squared Percentage is low • Implies the larger model is better • Chi Squared Percentage is blank if this is not a nested model • AICc went down • Penalized measure of deviance. • Better than deviance to look at Note: BIC is available in EMBLEM but not shown here As described in Chapter 1, the first three links in the chain of survival—early access, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and early defibrillation—are highly dependent on public engagement for a majority of cardiac arrest events. Under these circumstances, individuals may be required to provide basic life support, which includes mobilizing the delivery of emergency care (i.e ...Apr 13, 2017 · The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission found that in 2008, GSE loans had a delinquency rate of 6.2 percent, due to their traditional underwriting and qualification requirements, compared with 28. ... Accelerationism is a popular topic in private chat rooms frequented by white supremacist groups like Atomwaffen and The Base. These virtual spaces are full of discussions about steps to take to hasten the ultimate collapse. Atomwaffen articulates a white supremacist ideology rooted in nihilism and accelerationist beliefs.View All. Business partnerships have many advantages as they allow entrepreneurs to pool complementary skill sets and share startup costs and risks with one another. Unfortunately, many of the advantages of partnerships can also be disadvantages, and statistics show that up to 70% of business partnerships ultimately fail.Week 12: Respiration. 5.0 (8 reviews) Match these prefixes and suffixes to their meanings. Click the card to flip 👆. The word root -pnea means breath or breathing. The word root pneumo- means air, lung, or pulmonary. The word root bronch- means throat or bronchial. The word root -capnia means carbon dioxide in blood. Click the card to flip 👆.Definition of percentage. The percentage is defined as a portion or number which is mentioned as a quantity out of a hundred. For Instance, it can be said that 1% means, 1 out of 100 or 1/100, but in this regard, 1% per cent of something, for say 1000; means 1/100 of 1000. This turned out as (1/100*1000) =10 per cent. d. symbolic ethnicity. symbolic ethnicity. how do sociologists define a minority group. a. a group whose members are denied access to power and resources. b. a group that makes up less than 20 percent of the total population. c. a group that is smaller than the dominant group. d. a group that makes up less than 50 percent of the total population.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In _________ nations, the cost of fish is cheaper compared to meat and poultry., Which of the following technological advances has aided the global collapse of fisheries? A) steam engines B) flash freezing C) trawler ships D) All of the above., True or False: Increased human demand for fish has contributed to the collapse of ...d. symbolic ethnicity. symbolic ethnicity. how do sociologists define a minority group. a. a group whose members are denied access to power and resources. b. a group that makes up less than 20 percent of the total population. c. a group that is smaller than the dominant group. d. a group that makes up less than 50 percent of the total population.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In _________ nations, the cost of fish is cheaper compared to meat and poultry., Which of the following technological advances has aided the global collapse of fisheries? A) steam engines B) flash freezing C) trawler ships D) All of the above., True or False: Increased human demand for fish has contributed to the collapse of ...Apr 23, 2014 · The W3C specification defines collapsing margins as follows: “In this specification, the expression collapsing margins means that adjoining margins (no non-empty content, padding, or border ... Early human ancestors came close to eradication in a severe evolutionary bottleneck between 800,000 and 900,000 years ago, according to scientists. A genomics analysis of more than 3,000 living ...Russia saw slower than predicted economic growth in the first quarter of 2022, signaling that sanctions imposed in response to its Ukraine invasion may have had a greater initial impact than expected.CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest. The American Heart Association invites you to share our vision: a world where no one dies from cardiac arrest. Mar 27, 2021 · Messrs Bricker and Ibbitson point to potentially positive consequences of a falling population such as reduced pressure on scarce resources, a decline in environmental damage, and increased ... Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL ...Jul 3, 2023 · Overall, core decompression has shown good outcomes and is a good option for symptomatic small to medium-sized precollapse lesions; however, it is not indicated when the femoral head has collapsed. Bone grafting is an alternative to treatment of larger size lesions with no early collapse. Messrs Bricker and Ibbitson point to potentially positive consequences of a falling population such as reduced pressure on scarce resources, a decline in environmental damage, and increased ...The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia, [e] [f] was the final period of the Russian monarchy from its proclamation in November 1721, until its dissolution in September 1917. It consisted of most of northern Eurasia. The Empire succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad. 25 percent of the labor force, the stock market lost 80 percent of its value and some 7,000 banks failed. At the store, the price of chicken fell from 38 cents a pound to 12 cents, the price of eggs dropped from 50 cents a dozen to just over 13 cents, and the price of gasoline fell from 10 cents a gallon to less than a nickel. The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia, [e] [f] was the final period of the Russian monarchy from its proclamation in November 1721, until its dissolution in September 1917. It consisted of most of northern Eurasia. The Empire succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad.A 1956 world oil production distribution, showing historical data and future production, proposed by M. King Hubbert – it had a peak of 12.5 billion barrels per year in about the year 2000. As of 2016, the world's oil production was 29.4 billion barrels per year (80.6 M bbl /day), [1] with an oil glut between 2014 and 2018.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. (p. 575) The foundation of U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union after World War II was A. détente. B. unilateralism. C. containment. D. internationalism. E. isolationism., 2. (p. 589) Which of the following is the measure of success in an unconventional war? A. winning the support of the people B. territory gained C. enemy ...Collapse Theories. First published Thu Mar 7, 2002; substantive revision Fri May 15, 2020. Quantum mechanics, with its revolutionary implications, has posed innumerable problems to philosophers of science. In particular, it has suggested reconsidering basic concepts such as the existence of a world that is, at least to some extent, independent ...Public relief collapsed in many places. African Americans who left the rural South in the 1930s settled primarily in. the urban North. The Depression ______ the traditional belief that a woman's proper place was in the home. strengthened. True or false: In the major industrial cities of the North and Midwest, unemployment, while severe, never ...This article is part of: Centre for the New Economy and Society. Global growth is expected to decelerate markedly in 2022, from 5.5% to 4.1%, according to the World Bank. This reflects the continued disruption caused by COVID-19, as well as supply bottlenecks. The rebound in global activity, together with supply disruptions and higher food and ...But Greer’s assumption is built on shaky ground because industrial civilization differs from all past civilizations in four crucial ways. And every one of them may accelerate and intensify the coming collapse while increasing the difficulty of recovery. Difference #1: Unlike all previous civilizations, modern industrial civilization is ...Jul 4, 2023 · Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL ...
Jun 3, 2020 · The principle that a child has only one or two real parents goes unchallenged, as does the principle that people should live in atomized car-dependent boxes, each kitted out with its own kitchen ... . Clorox pool and spa active99 3 chlorinating tablets 50 lbs
· Sentence 1 begins with a concept the reader is likely to be familiar with (questions), and it ends with a new concept (black holes). Good. · But sentence 2 begins with another new concept (the collapse of a dead star), and it ends with a concept that has already been introduced (a black hole).• Chi Squared Percentage is low • Implies the larger model is better • Chi Squared Percentage is blank if this is not a nested model • AICc went down • Penalized measure of deviance. • Better than deviance to look at Note: BIC is available in EMBLEM but not shown hereStock Market Crash: A stock market crash is a rapid and often unanticipated drop in stock prices. A stock market crash can be the result of major catastrophic events, economic crisis or the ...Aug 15, 2015 · Despite this limitation, researchers have found that for people residing in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty, a number of neighborhood level indicators are linked to important outcomes. Studies have illustrated that crime and delinquency, education, psychological distress, and various health problems, among many other issues, are affected ... Definition of percentage. The percentage is defined as a portion or number which is mentioned as a quantity out of a hundred. For Instance, it can be said that 1% means, 1 out of 100 or 1/100, but in this regard, 1% per cent of something, for say 1000; means 1/100 of 1000. This turned out as (1/100*1000) =10 per cent. Globalization refers to the technological, political, economic, financial, and cultural exchanges between peoples and nations that have made and continue to make the world a more interconnected and interdependent place. In the business world, this includes increased trade and investment flows, currency exchange, and the rise of multinational ...Evergrande is the most-indebted property developer in the world. Its on-balance-sheet liabilities amount to nearly 2 percent of China’s annual GDP, and its off-balance-sheet obligations add up to as much as another 1 percent. This wouldn’t be as much of a problem if Chinese property developers, state-owned enterprises, local governments ...Feb 15, 2023 · A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleurae inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Air can enter the pleural space by two mechanisms, either by trauma ... Nov 23, 2017 · Between 2001 and 2005, a number of decisions were made to attempt to rekindle Nokia’s earlier drive and energy but, far from reinvigorating Nokia, they actually set up the beginning of the decline. Key amongst these decisions was the reallocation of important leadership roles and the poorly implemented 2004 reorganisation into a matrix structure. A 1956 world oil production distribution, showing historical data and future production, proposed by M. King Hubbert – it had a peak of 12.5 billion barrels per year in about the year 2000. As of 2016, the world's oil production was 29.4 billion barrels per year (80.6 M bbl /day), [1] with an oil glut between 2014 and 2018.In 2008, Zimbabwe had the second highest incidence of hyperinflation on record. The estimated inflation rate for Nov 2008 was 79,600,000,000%. That is effectively a daily inflation rate of 98.0. Roughly every day, prices would double. It was also a time of real hardship and poverty, with an unemployment rate of close to 80% and a virtual ...Jul 4, 2023 · Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL ... Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) happens when your trachea (airway or windpipe) and bronchial tubes (airways leading to your lungs) close down or collapse, affecting your ability to breathe. People who develop TBM often have respiratory infections, feel short of breath or wheeze. Studies show that surgery to treat TBM significantly eases symptoms. Sep 15, 2022 · View All. Business partnerships have many advantages as they allow entrepreneurs to pool complementary skill sets and share startup costs and risks with one another. Unfortunately, many of the advantages of partnerships can also be disadvantages, and statistics show that up to 70% of business partnerships ultimately fail. Jul 3, 2023 · Overall, core decompression has shown good outcomes and is a good option for symptomatic small to medium-sized precollapse lesions; however, it is not indicated when the femoral head has collapsed. Bone grafting is an alternative to treatment of larger size lesions with no early collapse. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) happens when your trachea (airway or windpipe) and bronchial tubes (airways leading to your lungs) close down or collapse, affecting your ability to breathe. People who develop TBM often have respiratory infections, feel short of breath or wheeze. Studies show that surgery to treat TBM significantly eases symptoms. Explain the concept of interest rate parity. Provide the rationale for its possible existence. Assume that the existing U.S. one‑year interest rate is 10 percent and the Canadian one‑year interest rate is 11 percent. Also assume that interest rate parity exists. Should the forward rate of the Canadian dollar exhibit a discount or a premium?The south tower collapsed 47 minutes after impact, the north tower 1 hour 44 minutes after impact. The elapsed times show that the impacts were not the proximate cause of collapse; the strong building easily withstood them. When even one corner of a floor was weakened and fell, the collapse would soon propagate around theNov 23, 2017 · Between 2001 and 2005, a number of decisions were made to attempt to rekindle Nokia’s earlier drive and energy but, far from reinvigorating Nokia, they actually set up the beginning of the decline. Key amongst these decisions was the reallocation of important leadership roles and the poorly implemented 2004 reorganisation into a matrix structure. · Sentence 1 begins with a concept the reader is likely to be familiar with (questions), and it ends with a new concept (black holes). Good. · But sentence 2 begins with another new concept (the collapse of a dead star), and it ends with a concept that has already been introduced (a black hole)..
